Economic globalization is an inevitable world wave, the world’s economy is being integrated, towards the road of integration; with the rapid development of information technology, e-commerce is becoming more and more mature, its maturity makes economic globalization more challenging; e-commerce is very different from traditional business activities, has the advantages that traditional business activities do not have, can break through the problems that traditional business activities urgently need to solve, can It enables enterprises to make more and more profits and develop healthily in international trade.
Development history of e-commerce in China
(A) Start of e-commerce in China
In 1999, the C2C Internet model was born, and 8848, founded by Wang Juntao, marked the beginning of e-commerce in China. After that, with the emergence of the Internet bubble, e-commerce was silent for a long time, but gold always shines, and e-commerce has advantages that traditional commerce does not have; in 2008, the establishment of B2C Taobao marked the take-off of e-commerce in China’s new era, and since then, the development of e-commerce has been soaring, once overpowering real commerce.
(B) The current situation of e-commerce development in China
As early as 2016, China’s e-commerce transactions have seen significant development, and according to the statistics of relevant data, the total amount of e-commerce transactions has exceeded the billion-dollar mark. In the past two years, the scale of e-commerce in China has expanded significantly again, and its contribution to economic development has become higher and higher, and the volume of commodity transactions has risen substantially, and the e-commerce industry is precisely a thriving scene in China. The reason why such a scene can appear, in the final analysis, is due to the unique advantages of e-commerce decision.
E-commerce has broken the boundaries of traditional business activities in time and space, liberating a large number of human resources, reducing the cost of selling goods, expanding the profits of enterprises, giving consumers more care, allowing consumers to enjoy one-to-one professional services, and enhancing the consumer experience. At the same time, according to the network big data, it is also able to classify consumers and can grasp their preferences, so as to better produce products that meet the market and consumer consumption concepts, and further expand the turnover of goods.
There are many disadvantages of e-commerce, such as network limitations, security of commodity transactions, etc. But these disadvantages are far from overshadowing the advantages of e-commerce.
(C) Comparative characteristics of e-commerce in China
The subjects of consumption are different; traditional commodity trading is that the seller faces the buyer directly, and both parties are transparent and visible, while in e-commerce, both the buyer and the seller are virtual existence, which is more confusing. The place of consumption is different; traditional business activities are carried out in physical stores, consumers are restricted to the space, and can only choose their own surrounding shopping malls to consume, while e-commerce is to move this occasion to the line, online consumption, online consumption breaks the time and space constraints, so that consumers have more choices to buy better products. The types of goods are different; traditional business activities, the transaction is physical goods, consumers can actually see and touch the goods, while e-commerce has broadened the types of goods, virtual transactions, so that it is no longer limited to physical goods.
The impact of e-commerce development on international trade
(A) the positive impact of e-commerce on international trade
1. Lengthen the international economic and trade industry chain
Traditional international economic and trade activities industry chain single, in the sound field goods and a single purchase transaction, there is no more transaction links. The emergence of e-commerce has lengthened the international economic industry chain. In addition to production and sales, the mode of e-commerce needs to add logistics and use, to create more jobs and make the value of goods more reasonable.
2. Reduce the cost of international economic trade
The traditional business model process is complicated and numerous, involving a series of issues such as negotiation, contract, confirmation, etc. These issues are both time-consuming and laborious, bringing troubles to both sides of the transaction, the process is complicated, the transaction cycle is prolonged, and the cost of preserving goods is increased; at the same time, due to fieldwork, it is more likely to cause more problems and dissatisfaction among buyers and consumers, causing delays and even cancellation of the transaction, and the transaction cost of goods is low.
And e-commerce activities make the transaction process concentrated online, avoiding the cumbersome process, which firstly reduces the operation cost; in e-commerce transactions, the time required for commodity transactions is shorter and faster, the efficiency of commodity transactions is increased, so the time required for the preservation of commodities is shorter, and the cost of commodity preservation is also reduced.
3. Effectively increase the profit of commodity trade
The traditional commodity trade requires huge costs, and this disadvantage is further expanded in international trade, and the transaction costs even exceed the value of the goods themselves, which is extremely unreasonable. In the case of unchanged commodity prices, the cost of transactions is reduced, which means that the profitability of goods increases, and enterprises are able to receive more profits in their trading activities. At the same time, through the network of big data analysis, merchants can better and more accurately find the real users to buy products, merchants can adjust the price of goods and sales strategy accordingly, better understand the hearts of consumers, so as to maximize profits.
4. Make the transaction more secure and fast
There are huge risks in traditional commodity trading, one is the risk of fraud, the seller may abscond with the money after the buyer pays, causing huge economic losses to the buyer; two is the risk of counterfeit currency, traditional trading with paper money, paper money is easy to forge, the seller is likely to receive counterfeit money unaware of it, and only after a long time to notice, and by then, the buyer has already slipped away; three is the risk of contract, the buyer and seller The third is the contract risk, the buyer and seller may do something in the contract, in the form of subtle word games to fraud, so that both sides bear the risk.
The e-commerce transaction mode will be put online, the transaction process by the e-commerce platform to monitor the transaction of money stored in the e-commerce platform, when the transaction has problems, the e-commerce platform can return the money to the buyer, the buyer can also be reported accordingly, to the seller to claim compensation, greatly reducing the risk of transactions. The use of bank balance for payment in e-commerce transactions, there is no risk of counterfeit currency, and e-commerce trade transaction contracts signed online, supervised by the e-commerce platform, no need to sign additional contracts, reducing the additional risk.
(B) The negative impact of e-commerce on international trade
1. Increase the gap between international economies
Today’s economic globalization, no country can stay out of the way, the global economy is increasingly close. The emergence of e-commerce, more increased the speed of economic globalization. In the era of economic globalization of e-commerce, the prices of all goods are transparent and open, and consumers can easily check the information of the goods they need and the best price they need. In this case, the prices of goods will be pulled down and profit margins will be reduced as a result.
Large countries with perfect industrial facilities, higher production efficiency, and sufficient skilled personnel require lower costs to produce the same quality of goods, while the opposite is true for small countries with imperfect industrial facilities, low production efficiency, insufficient skilled personnel, and higher costs of production. In this case, the big countries can take the price war approach, the commodity bombing, regardless of the cost of acquiring customers, small countries because of their own lack of capital, high production costs, in the price war will be defeated, and eventually will only lose the battle, bankruptcy or acquisition by the big countries, and so on and so forth, the gap between the big countries and small countries will widen, small countries do not have the opportunity to catch up with the big countries, the world pattern will therefore be rigid The world pattern will be frozen.
China is the largest developing country, in e-commerce global trade is at a disadvantage. But our country cannot close the door and fear the globalized economy, only to challenge it positively and use the new opportunities of e-commerce to seek development in the economic globalization.
2. E-commerce global trade can cause tax imbalance
In traditional business activities, records are left after the transaction, and taxation departments of each country can levy taxes accordingly; in e-commerce, transaction information is saved in the cloud, which can be easily erased, and in the case of hacking or hard disk server damage, transaction records will be damaged or even erased, which will affect taxation departments to levy taxes, resulting in lower tax revenue of the country.
3. Unsound legal regulations of e-commerce
E-commerce in the global high-speed development, ushered in the golden period, but with the ensuing chaos in the e-commerce circle, and with the development of e-commerce is not synchronized, countries for e-commerce laws and regulations are still stuck in the scope of traditional business activities, there are few e-commerce-related laws and regulations, which caused the relevant laws and regulations are not standardized to build a complete, can not be effective regulation of e-commerce activities. Under such circumstances, some unscrupulous traders will take advantage of the opportunity to harm the interests of consumers, and in the case of cross-border transactions, it will damage the image of the country and cause damage to national interests.
Effective countermeasures for international economic trade under the environment of electronic commerce
(A) Improve e-commerce laws and regulations
In order to develop the international economic trade of e-commerce in a long-term and healthy way, it is necessary to regulate the environment of e-commerce. In view of the current chaos of e-commerce in China, relevant laws and regulations should be formulated and promulgated to strongly regulate e-commerce transactions, establish a positive image of integrity and friendliness in China, attract more customers to reach cooperation with Chinese enterprises through the e-commerce platform, and create a win-win situation.
At the same time, countries around the world should cooperate with each other to clarify each other’s laws and regulations and exchange information to avoid the emergence of e-commerce trade fraud; to create a good environment for international trade in e-commerce, joint law enforcement between countries is also needed to effectively combat e-commerce trade fraudsters, so as to promote exchanges and cooperation between countries and create more profits.
(B) Build a complete e-commerce tax policy
The international trade of electronic commerce is easy to cause the lack of taxation, causing losses to the national treasury, which is not conducive to the strong development of national execution. For e-commerce international trade taxation problems, should build a full range of relevant taxation system, to avoid the lack of taxation in the process of e-commerce international trade.
Such as the provisions of e-commerce international trade must be invoice records, clear transaction items as well as the amount, the invoice for preservation, the tax department according to this to tax collection; can also improve the protection of network security environment, e-commerce international trade records for strong and good protection, to ensure that the transaction records will not be lost; can also let the tax department and e-commerce platform for cooperation, and e-commerce platform to share The transaction records of e-commerce international trade, to ensure the authenticity and validity of the transaction; accordingly, according to different situations, the taxation department can carry out different tax collection to ensure the reasonableness of taxation and avoid tax losses.
(C) Building a perfect integrity management mechanism
Since ancient times, businessmen have established themselves in good faith; dishonest businessmen may have a short-lived glory, but eventually they will eat their own fruit and cause serious and bad results. In the international trade of electronic commerce, the role of integrity is more prominent appear. Because it is a transnational transaction, buyers and sellers can not fully understand each other’s information, and are wary of each other, at such a time, only to maintain integrity, show selling healthy and good products, in order to let buyers relax their vigilance psychology, to promote the transaction, so as to enhance the volume of commodity transactions and enhance the transaction profits.
However, some merchants are not strong in their own will, easily tempted by the interests of dishonest behavior, at this time, it is necessary for the administrative departments to step in, build a perfect integrity management mechanism, regulate and control the e-commerce seller, establish a perfect credit system, strong supervision of the seller, to eliminate and avoid the emergence of dishonest phenomena. Thus promoting the long-term healthy development of international trade in e-commerce.
(D) Establish a good development environment between countries
To develop e-commerce economic trade, it is necessary to establish cooperative ties between countries, allow information sharing between countries, regulate the e-commerce trade market and establish a good environment for the development of e-commerce. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the cooperation between countries in the economic field, liberalize the threshold of economic exchange, and create good conditions for the development of international trade in e-commerce.
Conclusion
The development of information technology has led the trend of e-commerce, and in the new era of economic globalization, e-commerce has developed rapidly with its own advantages, expanding the scale of international economic trade, promoting exchanges and cooperation between countries, and creating greater profits. However, at the same time, it is necessary to recognize the negative impact of e-commerce international trade, focus on the development of the strengths and weaknesses, use the advantages of e-commerce in international trade, rapid development of our economy, so that the long-term healthy development of China’s economic trade.